Advanced — Set 100

Set 100 of Advanced covers 5 words: presumption, rivalry, virtue, casualty, priority. Each entry below includes its definition, an example sentence, and synonyms — practice them with the interactive cards above.

1. presumption · noun/priˈzəm(p)ʃ(ə)n/

   an idea that you think is true as it seems logical

   There is a general presumption that carbohydrates are unhealthy, but actually they are an essential source of energy when consumed in moderation.

   Synonyms: assumption, belief, thought

   Origin: Middle English: from Old French presumpcion, from Latin praesumptio(n-) ‘anticipation’, from the verb praesumere (see presume)

2. rivalry · noun/ˈraɪvəlri/

   when two people or companies compete with each other

   There has always been a rivalry between Pepsi and Coca Cola. We can say it is almost as old as the time itself.

   Synonyms: competition, conflict, clash

3. virtue · noun/ˈvərtʃu/

   a good quality that someone has, such as honesty

   Patience is definitely a virtue, especially when teaching a teacher must be able to keep calm when tired or angry with a student.

   Synonyms: goodness, integrity, honor

   Origin: Middle English: from Old French vertu, from Latin virtus ‘valor, merit, moral perfection’, from vir ‘man’

4. casualty · noun/ˈkæʒ(əw)əlti/

   a person or a thing that suffers, physically or not, as a result of a bad situation

   Many employees were casualties of mass redundancy in the global economic crisis of 2000, as companies all over the world needed to downsize to cut costs.

   Synonyms: victim, calamity, adversity

   Origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘chance, a chance occurrence’): from medieval Latin casualitas, from casualis (see casual), on the pattern of words such as penalty

5. priority · noun/praɪˈɔrədi/

   something that you think is more important than other things, so it should be dealt with first

   Providing a good health service should be the first priority of any government as there is nothing more important than an individual's health.

   Synonyms: preference, concern

   Origin: late Middle English (denoting precedence in time or rank): from Old French priorite, from medieval Latin prioritas, from Latin prior ‘former’ (see prior)