captive, obsolete, sedentary, impromptu, prosperous: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from TOEFL Vocabulary set 48. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. captive · adjective/ˈkæptɪv/

   held under control or confinement

   The zoo displayed a variety of animals, including several captive species that were bred for conservation efforts.

   Synonyms: imprisoned, confined, restrained

   Origin: from Latin 'captivus' meaning 'taken prisoner', from 'capere' meaning 'to seize'

2. obsolete · adjective/ˌɑːb.səˈliːt/

   no longer in use or no longer relevant

   With the rapid advancement of technology, many traditional methods of communication have become obsolete.

   Synonyms: outdated, antiquated, passé

   Origin: from Latin 'obsoleta', the past participle of 'obsolescere', meaning 'to fall into disuse'

3. sedentary · adjective/ˈsɛd.ənˌtɛr.i/

   characterized by little physical activity or exercise

   Many office workers lead a sedentary lifestyle, spending hours at their desks without much movement.

   Synonyms: inactive, stationary, seated

   Origin: from Latin 'sedentarius', from 'sedere' meaning 'to sit'

4. impromptu · adjective/ɪmˈprɑmptu/

   made or done without previous preparation

   We ended up having an impromptu meeting to discuss the project's progress after realizing we were all available at the same time.

   Synonyms: unrehearsed, spontaneous, ad-lib

   Origin: from the French 'impromptu', meaning 'improvised', from Latin 'in promptu', meaning 'in readiness'.

5. prosperous · adjective/ˈprɑːspərəs/

   having success especially in financial or material terms

   The new business model has led to a prosperous economy in the region, attracting many investors.

   Synonyms: successful, thriving, affluent

   Origin: From Latin 'prosperus' meaning 'favorable, fortunate', from 'pro-' meaning 'for' and 'spes' meaning 'hope'.