animosity, antagonism, horror, harangue, maintenance: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from TOEFL Vocabulary set 107. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. animosity · noun/ˌænəˈmɑːsɪti/

   strong hostility or dislike

   The animosity between the rival teams was palpable as they faced off in the championship game.

   Synonyms: hostility, aversion, enmity

   Origin: from Latin 'animositas', meaning 'spirit, courage, or boldness', which is derived from 'animus', meaning 'mind or spirit'

2. antagonism · noun/æn'tæɡənɪzm/

   hostility or opposition between conflicting forces or individuals

   The longstanding antagonism between the two rival factions led to numerous conflicts over the years.

   Synonyms: hostility, opposition, animosity

   Origin: The word 'antagonism' originates from the Greek 'antagonizesthai,' meaning 'to struggle against.'

3. horror · noun/ˈhɔr.ɚ/

   a genre of fiction intended to frighten, scare, or disgust

   The horror genre is known for its ability to evoke intense emotions and leave audiences on the edge of their seats.

   Synonyms: terror, dread, fear

   Origin: from Latin 'horror', meaning 'shaking, trembling, dread'

4. harangue · noun/həˈræŋ/

   a lengthy and aggressive speech or piece of writing

   During the town hall meeting, the mayor delivered a passionate harangue against the proposal, citing its numerous flaws and potential consequences.

   Synonyms: tirade, diatribe, speech

   Origin: Originating in the early 16th century, from the French word 'harangue', which comes from the Old Spanish 'aringar', meaning 'to address'.

5. maintenance · noun/ˈmeɪntənəns/

   the process of preserving or maintaining something in good condition

   Regular maintenance of the machinery is essential to ensure its efficient operation.

   Synonyms: upkeep, care, preservation

   Origin: from Old French 'maintenance', meaning 'to keep in a good state', from Latin 'maintenere', meaning 'to hold in the hand, keep up' (composed of 'manu' = by hand + 'tenere' = to hold)