stamina, impudence, referent, machination, resurgence: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from SAT Vocabulary Level 3 set 180. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. stamina · noun/ˈstæm.ɪ.nə/

   the ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort

   To complete the marathon, she knew she had to build up her stamina through months of training.

   Synonyms: endurance, perseverance, resilience

   Origin: from Latin 'stamina', meaning 'stamen, thread, or foundation'

2. impudence · noun/ˈɪmpjədəns/

   the quality of being disrespectful or exhibiting boldness in a rude manner

   His impudence during the meeting shocked everyone, as he openly insulted the boss without hesitation.

   Synonyms: insolence, audacity, rudeness

   Origin: Middle French 'impudence', from Latin 'impudentia', from 'impudens', meaning 'shameless'

3. referent · noun/ˈrɛfərənt/

   the thing or concept that a word or phrase denotes or refers to

   In linguistics, the referent of the word 'dog' is the actual animal that the term describes.

   Synonyms: denote, refer, signify

   Origin: Late Middle English, from Latin 'referent' from 'referre' meaning 'to bring back'.

4. machination · noun/ˌmæk.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

   a scheming or crafty action intended to accomplish some usually evil end

   The villain's machinations were finally revealed, exposing his intricate plan to seize control of the company.

   Synonyms: plot, scheme, intrigue

   Origin: from Latin 'machinatio', from 'machinari' meaning to contrive or devise

5. resurgence · noun/rɪˈsɜrdʒəns/

   the act of rising again or returning to a previous state

   The resurgence of interest in traditional crafts has led to a revival of many ancient techniques.

   Synonyms: revival, rebound, rejuvenation

   Origin: The word 'resurgence' originates from the Latin word 'resurgere', meaning 'to rise again', composed of 're-' (again) and 'surgere' (to rise).