determinant, vector, apology, disposition, understanding: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from SAT Vocabulary Level 1 set 315. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. determinant · noun/dɪˈtɜrmɪnənt/

   a factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something

   Education is a key determinant of an individual’s socioeconomic status and future opportunities.

   Synonyms: factor, influence, variable

   Origin: Late Latin 'determinans', meaning 'determining', from 'determinare', which means 'to determine'

2. vector · noun/ˈvɛk.tər/

   a quantity that has both magnitude and direction

   The velocity vector indicates not only how fast an object is moving but also in which direction it is heading.

   Synonyms: direction, arrow, force

   Origin: from Latin 'vector', meaning 'one that carries'; from 'vehere' meaning 'to carry'

3. apology · noun/əˈpɑləʤi/

   an expression of regret or sorrow for having done something wrong

   Her heartfelt apology reached him just in time to mend their friendship.

   Synonyms: regret, remorse

   Origin: from Middle French 'apologie', from Latin 'apologia', meaning 'a speaking in defense'

4. disposition · noun/ˌdɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

   a person's inherent qualities of mind and character

   Her cheerful disposition made her a favorite among her peers, as she always brought positivity to the group.

   Synonyms: temperament, nature, character

   Origin: Middle English from Old French 'disposition' or directly from Latin 'dispositio', meaning arrangement or order.

5. understanding · noun/ˌʌndərˈstændɪŋ/

   the ability to comprehend and grasp the meaning of something

   His deep understanding of complex subjects allows him to explain them to others effectively.

   Synonyms: comprehension, grasp, insight

   Origin: from Old English 'understandan', meaning 'to stand in the midst of', combining 'under' (among) and 'standan' (to stand)