rigorously, outwards, explicitly, collectively, predominantly: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from IELTS Vocabulary set 61. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. rigorously · adverb/ˈrɪɡərəsli/

   in a strict and demanding manner that adheres closely to standards

   The research team rigorously followed the established protocols to ensure the accuracy of their results.

   Synonyms: strictly, meticulously, thoroughly

   Origin: from Latin 'rigor', meaning 'stiffness' or 'hardness', combined with the adverbial suffix '-ly'

2. outwards · adverb/ˈaʊt.wɚdz/

   in a direction away from the center or inside

   The branches of the tree spread outwards, reaching for the sunlight.

   Synonyms: outward, external, away

   Origin: Middle English 'outwardes' from 'out' + '-ward' suffix

3. explicitly · adverb/ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt.li/

   in a clear and detailed manner leaving no room for confusion or doubt

   The teacher explicitly stated the requirements for the project to avoid any confusion among the students.

   Synonyms: clearly, plainly, unmistakably

   Origin: The word 'explicit' comes from the Latin 'explicitus', which means 'folded out' or 'unfolded'.

4. collectively · adverb/kəˈlɛktɪvli/

   together as a group or in combination

   The team worked collectively to complete the project ahead of schedule.

   Synonyms: jointly, together, in combination

   Origin: derived from the Latin word 'collectivus', meaning 'gathered together'

5. predominantly · adverb/prɪˈdɑːmɪnəntli/

   mostly or mainly; primarily

   The population of the city is predominantly composed of young professionals seeking job opportunities.

   Synonyms: mainly, primarily, chiefly

   Origin: derived from the Latin word 'predominari', meaning 'to be stronger or more influential than others'.