border, guideline, scheme, professionalism, eloquence: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from IELTS Vocabulary set 60. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. border · noun/ˈbɔrdər/

   a line separating two areas especially with regard to countries

   The government has deployed additional troops along the border to enhance security against illegal crossings.

   Synonyms: boundary, frontier, limit

   Origin: from Old French 'bordure' meaning 'border, edge', from Latin 'bordura', which is derived from 'borde', meaning 'shelter, house'.

2. guideline · noun/ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/

   a general rule or principle that provides direction or advice

   The school provided a clear guideline for students on how to submit their assignments on time.

   Synonyms: rule, standard, principle

   Origin: Early 20th century, from 'guide' + '-line'

3. scheme · noun/skim/

   a systematic plan or arrangement for achieving a goal

   The government has launched a new scheme to improve public transportation in urban areas.

   Synonyms: plan, strategy, design

   Origin: from Greek 'skhēma' meaning 'form' or 'figure'

4. professionalism · noun/prəˈfɛʃ.ə.nəl.ɪ.zəm/

   the competence or skill expected of a professional

   The team demonstrated exceptional professionalism in handling the client's concerns during the meeting.

   Synonyms: expertise, competence, proficiency

   Origin: Mid 19th century: from professional + -ism

5. eloquence · noun/ˈɛl.ə.kwəns/

   the ability to express ideas clearly and effectively in speech or writing

   The speaker captivated the audience with her eloquence, demonstrating a remarkable ability to convey complex ideas simply and effectively.

   Synonyms: articulation, fluency, expressiveness

   Origin: from Middle French 'éloquence', from Latin 'eloquentia', from 'eloquens', meaning 'speaking out'.