emission, scenario, deficit, framework, nomination: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from IELTS Vocabulary set 28. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. emission · noun/ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/

   the act of producing or releasing something, usually gas or radiation

   The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is essential for combating climate change.

   Synonyms: release, discharge, output

   Origin: from Latin 'emissio', meaning 'a sending out', from 'emittere' meaning 'to send out'

2. scenario · noun/sɪˈnɛroʊ/

   a postulated sequence of events or a situation that might occur

   In a worst-case scenario, the company could face significant financial losses if the product launch fails.

   Synonyms: situation, case, circumstance

   Origin: from Italian 'scenario', originally from Latin 'scaenarium', meaning 'stage' or 'scene'

3. deficit · noun/ˈdɛfɪsɪt/

   the amount by which something, especially a sum of money, is too small

   The government is struggling to reduce the budget deficit, which has been increasing over the last few years.

   Synonyms: shortfall, deficiency, insufficiency

   Origin: From Latin 'deficere' meaning 'to fail' or 'to be wanting'

4. framework · noun/ˈfreɪm.wɜrk/

   a basic structure underlying a system or concept

   The theoretical framework provided a solid basis for understanding the complex relationships within the study.

   Synonyms: structure, system

   Origin: The word 'framework' is derived from the combination of 'frame,' from Old French 'freme' (meaning 'a sheath or frame') and 'work' from Old English 'wyrcan,' meaning 'to work or construct.'

5. nomination · noun/ˌnɑːməˈneɪʃən/

   the act of officially suggesting someone for a position or honor

   Her nomination for the prestigious award was celebrated by her colleagues.

   Synonyms: appointment, designation, recommendation

   Origin: from the Latin 'nominatio', which comes from 'nominare', meaning 'to name'