IELTS Vocabulary — Set 183

Set 183 of IELTS Vocabulary covers 5 words: solid, abstract, universal, raw, retrospective. Each entry below includes its definition, an example sentence, and synonyms — practice them with the interactive cards above.

1. solid · adjective/ˈsɑː.lɪd/

   having a definite shape and volume; not liquid or gas

   The ice cube is solid, maintaining its shape and volume even when taken out of the freezer.

   Synonyms: firm, stiff, hard

   Origin: from Latin 'solidus', meaning 'whole, firm, steadfast'

2. abstract · adjective/ˈæbstrækt/

   existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence

   Her understanding of love was very abstract, making it hard for her to express her feelings clearly.

   Synonyms: theoretical, conceptual, intangible

   Origin: Originated in the early 15th century from the Latin word 'abstractus', meaning 'drawn away'.

3. universal · adjective/juˈnɪvər.səl/

   applying to or affecting all people or things in the world or in a particular group

   The concept of justice is a universal principle that transcends cultural boundaries.

   Synonyms: global, widespread, general

   Origin: from Middle English 'universal', from Latin 'universalis', derived from 'unus' meaning 'one' and 'versus', the past participle of 'vertere' meaning 'to turn'.

4. raw · adjective/rɔ/

   in a natural, unprocessed state

   He prefers to eat raw vegetables because they retain more nutrients than cooked ones.

   Synonyms: uncooked, unprocessed, natural

   Origin: Middle English, from Old Norse 'rá' meaning 'unripe, raw'

5. retrospective · adjective/ˌrɛtrəˈspɛktɪv/

   looking back on or dealing with past events or situations

   The gallery hosted a retrospective exhibition showcasing the artist's most significant works over the past three decades.

   Synonyms: reflective, nostalgic, evaluative

   Origin: from Latin 'retrospectus' meaning 'looking back', from 'retro-' meaning 'back' + 'specere' meaning 'to look'