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ratification

noun/ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

definition

the formal approval or confirmation of a decision or agreement

example

The ratification of the treaty marked a significant milestone in international relations.

synonyms
endorsementconfirmationvalidation
word origin — from Middle French 'ratification', derived from Latin 'ratificatio', from 'ratificare' which means to make valid or confirm

IELTS Vocabulary — Set 123

Set 123 of IELTS Vocabulary covers 5 words: ratification, projection, boundary, evidence, thoughtfulness. Each entry below includes its definition, an example sentence, and synonyms — practice them with the interactive cards above.

  1. ratification · noun/ˌrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

    the formal approval or confirmation of a decision or agreement

    The ratification of the treaty marked a significant milestone in international relations.

    Synonyms: endorsement, confirmation, validation

    Origin: from Middle French 'ratification', derived from Latin 'ratificatio', from 'ratificare' which means to make valid or confirm

  2. projection · noun/prəˈdʒɛkʃən/

    the act of projecting or the state of being projected

    The projection of the company's earnings for the next quarter exceeds analysts' expectations, indicating strong growth.

    Synonyms: protrusion, extension, forecast

    Origin: from Latin 'projectio', from 'proicere' meaning 'to throw forth'

  3. boundary · noun/ˈbaʊndri/

    a line that marks the limits of an area

    The boundary between the two countries is marked by a river that flows through the landscape.

    Synonyms: barrier, border, limit

    Origin: from Middle English 'boundarie,' from Old French 'boundarie,' from 'bound' (a limit) + '-ary' (related to or pertaning to)

  4. evidence · noun/ˈɛvɪdəns/

    the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid

    The evidence presented in court was crucial to proving the defendant's innocence.

    Synonyms: proof, testimony, support

    Origin: from Old French 'evidence', from Latin 'evidentia', meaning 'clearness' or 'manifestation'.

  5. thoughtfulness · noun/ˈθɔt.fəl.nəs/

    the quality of being considerate and mindful of others

    Her thoughtfulness towards her friends is evident in the way she remembers their birthdays and always sends them thoughtful messages.

    Synonyms: consideration, mindfulness, attentiveness

    Origin: The word 'thoughtfulness' originates from the Old English 'þūht' (thought) combined with 'fulness', a suffix indicating 'state or quality of'.