predecessor, originality, chief, privatization, depletion: meanings and examples

Learn these 5 words from IELTS Vocabulary set 100. Each entry includes a definition, example sentence, pronunciation, and synonyms. Use the interactive cards above to practice them.

1. predecessor · noun/ˈprɛdɪˌsɛsər/

   a person or thing that precedes another in time or position

   The new software version has several improvements over its predecessor, making it more user-friendly.

   Synonyms: forerunner, precursor, antecedent

   Origin: Late Middle English (denoting a forefather or predecessor): from Latin praedecessorem, from prae ‘before’ + decessor ‘one who departs’.

2. originality · noun/əˌrɪdʒ.əˈnæ.lɪ.ti/

   the quality of being new, unusual, or different from anything that has existed before

   The originality of her artwork captivated everyone at the gallery, setting a new standard for creativity.

   Synonyms: uniqueness, novelty, inventiveness

   Origin: The word 'originality' originates from the Latin 'originalis,' which means 'pertaining to the beginning' or 'first.' It has evolved through Middle French before being adopted into English.

3. chief · noun/tʃif/

   the highest-ranking or most important individual in a group or organization

   The chief executive officer announced a new strategy for the company's growth.

   Synonyms: leader, head, director

   Origin: Middle English, from Old French 'chief', from Latin 'caput', meaning 'head'.

4. privatization · noun/ˌpraɪvətaɪˈzeɪʃən/

   the transfer of ownership of a public service or asset to a private entity

   The privatization of the telecommunications industry has led to increased competition and lower prices for consumers.

   Synonyms: divestiture, deregulation

   Origin: The word 'privatization' is derived from the root 'private,' from Latin 'privatus,' meaning 'removed from public,' combined with the suffix '-ization,' which denotes a process or action.

5. depletion · noun/dɪˈpliːʃən/

   the reduction in the number or quantity of something

   The depletion of natural resources has raised concerns about the sustainability of our environment.

   Synonyms: diminution, reduction

   Origin: from Middle English 'deplecien', from Latin 'depletio', from 'deplere' meaning 'to empty out'